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The Cybersecurity Ontology

An ontology is a formal map of the things that exist in a domain and the relationships between them.

For cybersecurity, this means defining the core objects that appear across security leadership, engineering, operations, compliance, audit, privacy, and resilience.

Purpose

The Cybersecurity Ontology exists to answer three questions:

  1. Where does this concept belong?
  2. What does it relate to?
  3. How can it be mapped across frameworks?

The six universal classes

Class Question Examples
Asset What are we protecting? Data, identity, application, endpoint, cloud account
Threat What can happen? Phishing, ransomware, insider misuse, supply chain compromise
Weakness Why can it happen? Vulnerability, misconfiguration, missing process, poor governance
Safeguard What protects it? MFA, logging, encryption, policies, training, segmentation
Assurance How do we know it works? Evidence, audit, tests, metrics, monitoring, reviews
Leadership How is it governed? Strategy, ownership, risk appetite, budget, roadmap, reporting

Design principle

Frameworks are views. The ontology is the map underneath them.

A framework may describe controls, criteria, tactics, clauses, or safeguards. The ontology describes the underlying cybersecurity object and its relationships.